Gut Microbiome and Drug Metabolism

The human physiology textbooks traditionally consider the intestine as a metabolically active organ, with its activity primarily associated production of numerous digestive enzymes. development molecular analysis technologies has significantly detailized this picture, by decoding metabolic potential intestinal microbiota. Data from metagenomic studies indicate that number eukaryotic and bacterial cells in body is comparable - about 3.0×1013, while genes metagenome one hundred times greater than genome. Obviously, gut microbiota exhibits both direct indirect effects on metabolism drugs xenobiotics, can affect their effectiveness toxicity. Orally administrated xenobiotics have been found to be metabolized microbial enzymes before being absorbed gastrointestinal tract into blood flow. reactions performed greatly differ liver, providing modification acetylation, deacetylation, decarboxylation, dehydroxylation, demethylation, dehalogenation, etc. Despite rather known, information specific microflora mediating each reaction still limited, mainly lack an adequate model community allow accumulation experimental data for creation computational models. Currently, drug use microfluidic chips, reproducing functions various organs tissues, such kidney, lungs intestine, vitro models form 2D 3D cell cultures. Supplementation systems will get close possible modeling complicated biological processes interests pharmacological research constructing